Article Retraction & Withdrawal

Article Retraction: An article may be retracted if significant ethical or scientific misconduct is identified after publication. Such violations may include, but are not limited to:

• Detected plagiarism after publication.
• Fabrication or manipulation of data.
• Copyright infringement or unauthorized use of material.
• Reporting invalid or misleading research results.

The retraction process is initiated by the editorial board following a thorough investigation, which includes input from reviewers, authors, and relevant stakeholders. Retracted articles will remain accessible online but will be clearly marked as retracted, including a statement explaining the reason for retraction. An official retraction note will accompany the article, providing transparency about the decision.

Withdrawal Before Publication: Authors may request the withdrawal of an article before it is officially published, such as during the peer review process or after acceptance but before publication. Withdrawal requests must be submitted in writing to the editorial board with a valid justification.

The editorial board will evaluate the withdrawal request based on the reasons provided. However, if the article has reached the final production stage or has been formally approved for publication, withdrawal requests may not be accommodated.

Article Correction: If errors are identified in a published article that do not compromise its scientific integrity or validity, the journal may issue a correction instead of a retraction. The correction will be published in a subsequent issue and linked to the original article to address and rectify the inaccuracies.

Publisher-Initiated Withdrawal: The publisher reserves the right to withdraw an article if significant violations of journal policies or legal issues arise, including copyright violations or other infringements. In such cases, the publisher will notify the authors and provide a transparent explanation for the withdrawal to the readers.

Consequences of Retraction: Retracted articles will be recorded in the journal database and relevant indexing platforms. Retracted articles cannot be cited as valid scientific references. Authors bear full responsibility for any misconduct that leads to retraction, and corrective or disciplinary actions may be applied according to the journal's policies.